Solar Storms How They Form and What They Do

Solar storms are the most fascinating and dangerous activities our star experiences. They lift off the Sun and send their fastest particles sleeting radiation across interplanetary space.   Very strong ones affect Earth and the other planets within a matter of minutes or hours. These days, with a flotilla of spacecraft studying the Sun, we get very quick warnings of upcoming storms. This gives satellite operators and others a chance to get ready for any space weather that may occur as a result. The very strongest storms can do great damage to spacecraft and humans in space, and affect systems right here on the planet. What Effects do Solar Storms Have? When the Sun acts up, the result can be as benign as a great display of northern and southern lights, or it can be much worse.  The charged particles released by the Sun have  various effects on our atmosphere. At the height of a strong solar storm, these clouds of particles interact with our magnetic field, which causes strong electrical currents that can damage technology we depend on each day. At the worst, solar storms have knocked out power grids and disrupted communications satellites. They can also bring communications and navigation systems to a halt. Some experts have testified before Congress that space weather affects peoples ability to make phone calls, use the Internet, transfer (or withdraw) money, travel by plane, train, or ship, and even use GPS to navigate in cars. So, when the Sun kicks up a little space weather due to a solar storm, its something people want to know about. It can seriously affect our lives. Why Does This Happen? The Sun goes through regular cycles of high and low activity. The 11-year solar cycle is actually a complex beast, and its not the only cycle the Sun experiences. There are others that track other solar fluctuations over longer time periods, too. But, the 11-year cycle is the one that is most associated with the kinds of solar storms that affect the planet. Why does this cycle occur? Its not completely understood, and solar physicists continue to debate the cause. the solar dynamo is involved, which is the interior process that creates the Suns magnetic field. What drives that process is still under discussion. One way to think of it is is that the internal solar magnetic field gets twisted as the Sun rotates. As it becomes entangled, magnetic field lines will pierce the surface, prohibiting hot gas to rise to the surface. This creates points that are relatively cool compared to the rest of the surface (roughly 4500 Kelvin, compared to the Sun’s normal surface temperature of about 6000 Kelvin). These cool points appear nearly black, surrounded by the yellow glow of the Sun. These are what we commonly call sunspots. As charged particles and heated gas stream from these sunspots, they create the brilliant arcs of light known as prominences. These are a normal part of the Suns appearance. The solar activities that have the most potential for destruction are solar flares and coronal mass ejection. These incredibly powerful events result from these twisted magnetic field lines reconnect with other magnetic field lines in the atmosphere of the Sun. During large flares, the reconnection can generate such energy that particles are accelerated to a high percentage of the speed of light. Causing an incredibly high flux of particles to stream toward the Earth from the Sun’s corona (upper atmosphere), where temperatures can reach into the millions of degrees. The resulting coronal mass ejection sends huge amounts of charged material out to space  and is the type of event that currently worries scientists around the world. Could the Sun Erupt in a Major Solar Storm in the Future? The short answer to this question is yes. The Sun goes through periods of solar minimum — a period of inactivity — and solar maximum, its time of highest activity. During solar minimum, the Sun doesnt have as many  sunspots, solar flares, and prominences. During solar maximum, these sorts of events can occur frequently. Its not only the frequency of these events that we need to be worried about but also their intensity. The more intense the activity, the more potential for damage there is here on Earth.   Scientists ability to forecast solar storms is still in its infancy. Clearly, once something erupts from the Sun, scientists can issue a warning about increased solar  activity. However, predicting exactly when an outburst will occur is still very difficult. Scientists track sunspots and give warnings if a particularly active one is aimed at Earth. Newer technology now allows them to track sunspots on the back side of the Sun, which helps with early warnings about the upcoming solar activity.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen

The Reconstruction Of Power By Margaret Atwood - 943 Words

Haley Hollimon LTC Bozeman EN 102, L19 3 February 2015 The Reconstruction of Power Throughout The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood utilizes various elements of fiction to develop and question the concept of power and control in the patriarchal society of Gilead. Offred, the main Handmaid, is the instrument of which Atwood delivers her message about corruption and power. Offred’s vague diction, unreliable characterization, and erratic tone illustrate the distress of this transitional society (Abcarian 1403-1404). In the beginning of Chapter 23, the role of memory in the novel expands, and the readers test the narrator’s creditability. Offred concludes that all of her memories are â€Å"reconstructions†, and that she will continue this practice even if she escapes Gilead. She continues to relate fluid memories to forgiveness and forgiveness to an unnaturally complacent and obedient population (Atwood 134-135). Identifying a powerful relationship between memories, forgiveness, and power, Offred suggests that the main source of Gileadâ€⠄¢s totalitarian power is the regime’s ability to manipulate its citizens’ will to forgive past transgressions. Reconstruction is the underlying theme of Offred’s speech in the beginning of Chapter 23. The term reconstruction denotes complete destruction of the old to usher in a new. Interestingly, Chapter 23 is in a section labeled â€Å"Birth Day†. The section name further illustrates the theme of reconstruction, for both words symbolize new beginningsShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1591 Words   |  7 PagesWritten by Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid’s Tale is a dystopian novel set in the near future where the United States is overthrown and a military dictatorship forms called the Republic of Gilead. Gilead is a society that reconsolidates power and creates a new hierarchical regime that limits women entirely of their rights. The rulers of this dystopia are centrally concerned with dominating their subjects through the control of their experiences, time, memory, and history. A woman called Offred narratesRead MoreAnalyse and Compare the Significance and Effectiveness of the Ways the Author of the Novels Choose to Open and End their Narratives1934 Words   |  8 PagesIt is a common view that the opening and ending of a novel is considered the most memorable and pertinent. Therefore, both authors, Ishiguro and Atwood, utilise openings and endings in their novels significantly. The opening of a novel plays a major part in establishing the tone of what is to come, with the ending leaving a lasting, final impression on the reader. The security of the first person narration in Never Let Me Go encourages the reader to engage with Kathy H in order to destroy our relationship

Implementation Of Email Communication Strategy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Implementation Of Email Communication Strategy Within Rolls-Royce Limited. Answer: Purpose Of The Study The main purpose of the present research will be to implement the email communication strategy within Rolls-Royce Limited. In the modern era, modern communication tools have been employed by every business enterprise where main stress is on boosting business productivity. Apart from this, email as one of the communication method is considered to be quite effective for the enterprise where communication at faster pace takes place, and in turn, it provides a base to carry out internal conversation internally(Cardon Marshall 2015). In a company like Rolls-Royce Limited all the range of operations are considered to be quite significant and due to this reason internal communication plays the significant role. Overall the business communication strategy will be implemented by highlighting its key benefits to its target market which is employees. Apart from this, no such effective method of sharing information is present within the workplace, and this acts as hurdle at the time of conducting operations. So, there is a need to implement effective communication strategy so that staff members can share their ideas and views for the overall betterment of the business(Fernandez-Feijoo, Romero Ruiz 2014). In short, without effective communication strategy, no business can sustain in the market, and it leads to the rise in a number of overall issues. Email as one of the method allows in sharing adequate amount of information in the most reliable manner and builds the internal strength of the company. Choice Of The Company For the present research organization chosen is Rolls-Royce Limited which is a British car manufacturer headquartered in the United Kingdom. All the range of operations carried out by business are quite significant. At present no such effective tool has been implemented by the business for its internal communication. So, there is a need to implement effective communication strategy so that communication gap can be reduced and more ideas can be shared in between employees for the overall betterment of the business. In short, this can be beneficial for the business in every possible manner and can assist to focus on desired objectives. Rationale The reason why Rolls-Royce has been selected as one of the organization is that its internal operations require effective communication strategy. Implementation of this strategy will deliver favorable results for the enterprise. At present, no such tool has been employed by the company through which important messages can be delivered, and absence of appropriate communication platform is somehow hampering the productivity of the business(Guerin 2017). Email as one of the strategy is quite advanced where the message can be shared in the lesser period and allows respondent to respond quickly. Apart from this, important messages can be shared, and this is not at all present in the case of oral communication. Summary Of The Literature Review Email is considered as one of the effective tools for communication. Further, it allows the quick response from the other party, and it is possible to keep the record of all the information and ideas being shared. Indulging in practices of verbal communication is considered as wastage of time and due to this reason adopting advanced tool such as email allows in enhancing productivity(Hoang Pishva 2014). Moreover, another additional benefit of email is present where it allows attaching documents and other type of crucial information. Email is considered as one of the most reliable forms of communication where the employee can easily check email anywhere and can respond back easily. Apart from this, it is a well-known fact that communicating effectively with employees and the clients is very crucial for the business. Therefore, email as one of the platform is directly beneficial for the enterprise and its outcome can be seen in the form of the rise in productivity level of the organization(Lindman et al. 2013). Moreover, cost effectiveness as one of the attributes of email communication has allowed in its fast acceptance. It generally requires the internet connection, and no such high investment is needed. Therefore, adoption of email as one of the communication strategy within businesses is taking place at the faster pace(Mazzei Ravazzani 2015). Accessibility as one of the key feature allows email to access in any location. In short, emails can be read on mobile phone also which is also convenient. It directly saves the large amount of time which is required for conducting business operations and enhances motivation level of employee within the workplace. The time required for sharing information is very less in the case of email which is also advantageous for a large number of businesses operating in the market. Any communication strategy that consumes high time is not acceptable by business and due to this reason email is considered to be effective as compared with other Methods(Proskuryakova, Meissner Rudnik 2017). Outline Of The Study The present will focus on the implementation of communication strategy within Rolls-Royce which is email. Further, in the modern era, every business has started to adopt modern tools with the motive to share ideas and information. The implementation of email communication strategy will undertake series of steps which are as follows: Identifying the groups that are vital to company Finding out the groups that are relevant to the business Developing messages that can provide communication important information Choose the most appropriate media to target group Operating an internal communication program Measuring the overall changes in the understanding level All these steps are quite crucial in the implementation of the comprehensive communication strategy. Apart from this, secondary analysis has been carried out with the motive to understand the effectiveness of email as one of the communication tools(Wigand 2014). This has supported in knowing that advantages of this source are present in the large amount and this can be easily implemented within the company. Apart from this, the implementation will support employees in conducting business operations in short period, and proper interaction will take place in between all the team members. It will create positive work environment as important information can be stored and adequate amount of data can be shared easily. References Cardon, PW Marshall, B 2015, 'The hype and reality of social media use for work collaboration and team communication', International Journal of Business Communication, vol 52, no. 3, pp. 273-293. Fernandez-Feijoo, B, Romero, S Ruiz, S 2014, 'Effect of stakeholders pressure on transparency of sustainability reports within the GRI framework', Journal of Business Ethics, vol 122, no. 1, pp. 53-63. Guerin, L 2017, Smart Policies for Workplace Technologies: Email, Social Media, Cell Phones More, Nolo, California. Hoang, NP Pishva, D 2014, 'February. Anonymous communication and its importance in social networking', In Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2014 16th International Conference on, pp. 34-39. Lindman, J, Riepula, M, Rossi, M Marttiin, P 2013, 'Open source technology in intra-organisational software developmentprivate markets or local libraries', In Managing Open Innovation Technologies, pp. 107-121. Mazzei, A Ravazzani, S 2015, 'Internal crisis communication strategies to protect trust relationships: A study of Italian companies', International Journal of Business Communication, vol 52, no. 3, pp. 319-337. Proskuryakova, L, Meissner, D Rudnik, P 2017, 'The use of technology platforms as a policy tool to address research challenges and technology transfer.', The Journal of Technology Transfer, vol 42, no. 1, pp. 206-227. Wigand, F 2014, 'Communication and collaboration in a web 2.0 world', Cyber Behavior: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, p. 1.